Examples

Examples

The following provides some sample configuration options and examples for MotionPlus.
• Persistent v4l2 device name
• Sample extpipe commands
• Loopback device setup
• FFmpeg as input device
• Webcontrol pages
• Database setup
• Haar setup
• HOG setup
• DNN setup
• Haar Model Training
• Sound Frequency Sample

Persistent v4l2 device name

Since the exact device number is set by the kernel upon boot, when there is more than one video device it is possible that the particular cameras that were assigned to /dev/video0 and /dev/video1 may switch. In order to set up Motion so that a particular camera is always assigned the same way, users can set up a symbolic link using udev rules. To do this a unique attribute must be identified for each camera. The camera attributes can be viewed by using the command udevadm info -a -p $(udevadm info -q path -n /dev/video0) while the camera is attached. Usually a serial number can be used. ("Usually" because some cameras have been observed to have the same serial number for different cameras)
Once a unique attribute has been identified for each camera, edit or create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules.
Assuming that the unique attribute for the camera was name and was ATTR{name}=="Philips SPC 900NC webcam" you would add the following line to the 99-local.rules file: KERNEL=="video[0-9]*", ATTR{name}=="Philips\ SPC\ 900NC*", SYMLINK+="video-webcam0"
Once the change has been made and saved, reboot the computer and there should now be a "sticky" device called /dev/video-webcam0

Sample extpipe commands

The following are some sample extpipe commands
movie_extpipe mencoder -demuxer rawvideo -rawvideo w=%w:h=%h:i420 -ovc x264 -x264encopts bframes=4:frameref=1:subq=1:scenecut=-1:nob_adapt:threads=1:keyint=1000:8x8dct:vbv_bufsize=4000:crf=24:partitions=i8x8,i4x4:vbv_maxrate=800:no-chroma-me -vf denoise3d=16:12:48:4,pp=lb -of avi -o %f.avi - -fps %fps
movie_extpipe x264 - --input-res %wx%h --fps %fps --bitrate 2000 --preset ultrafast --quiet -o %f.mp4
movie_extpipe mencoder -demuxer rawvideo -rawvideo w=%w:h=%h:fps=%fps -ovc x264 -x264encopts preset=ultrafast -of lavf -o %f.mp4 - -fps %fps
movie_extpipe ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -video_size %wx%h -framerate %fps -i pipe:0 -vcodec libx264 -preset ultrafast -f mp4 %f.mp4

Loopback device setup

The video loopback device can be added installed via apt in many distributions. The package tested with Motion is v4l2loopback-dkms. Once the package is installed, you just need to run sudo modprobe v4l2loopback. This will add a new video device that you can use for the loopback. It is believed that there are additional options associated with the v4l2loopback that allows for adding more than one device. See the documentation of the v4l2loopback project for additional details.
To activate the vloopback device in Motion set the 'video_pipe' option in the motion.conf file to the device name associated with the one created by v4l2loopback.
You can also view the special motion pictures where you see the changed pixels by setting the option 'video_pipe_motion' in motion.conf. When setting the video_pipe and/or video_pipe_motion options specify the input device as e.g. /dev/video1.
De-activating should be done with this command
sudo modprobe -r v4l2loopback

Use ffmpeg as input device

Sometimes the particular device is not function for MotionPlus but does work with FFmpeg. In this situation the device can be setup to be used in MotionPlus using FFMpeg as an intermediate application. The process would be to set up a loopback device and then have FFmpeg feed the video into that device and then Motion can read from it. The following are some examples. First set up the loopback device and set it to /dev/video0. Then start ffmpeg using options such as the following. ffmpeg -re -i mymovie.mp4 -f v4l2 /dev/video0 Then in a separate terminal, start MotionPlus with it set to use the /dev/video0 device as input. This method can can also be used to reformat the content to a different format. The following outputs the original movie into a gray pixel format. ffmpeg -re -i mymovie.mp4 -f v4l2 -pix_fmt gray /dev/video0

Database Setup

If a database is specified in the MotionPlus configuration, upon start up, MotionPlus will check for a table in the database called "motionplus" and if it is not found, it will create it. This MotionPlus specific table is required so that movies can be displayed on the webcontrol page. It tracks the movies created by MotionPlus along with the various metadata about the movies. The following is a brief overview of how to create a simple database and specify it within the MotionPlus parameters so recordings can be downloaded from the webcontrol.

sqlite3

This database type is by far the easiest to set up since it is file based. Simply provide the parameters in the MotionPlus configuration parameters

database_type sqlite3
database_dbname /full/path/and/file/name.db

While this is the easiest to set up, it has also been observed that it can at times be unstable. This is especially true if the database file is included as part of a archive process while in use by MotionPlus.

mariadb

The following describes the process to set up a Mariadb database. If your machine already has a Mariadb database, adjust as appropriate to the situation that exists on your computer. Those with more experience with MariaDb are invited to provide suggestions and corrections to these steps.

sudo apt install libmariadb-dev libmariadb3 mariadb-client-10.5 mariadb-client-core-10.5 mariadb-common mariadb-server
sudo mariadb
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'YourUserNameHere'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourPasswordHere' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
mariadb -u YourUserNameHere -p
{enter YourPasswordHere}
create database motionplus;
use motionplus;
quit;

Once the database is set up, check the status of Mariadb via systemctl.

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Specify the following in the MotionPlus configuration parameters.

database_type mariadb
database_dbname motionplus
database_host localhost
database_port 3306
database_user YourUserNameHere
database_password YourPasswordHere

pgsql

ToDo

Webcontrol pages

• {IP}:{port0}/ Home html page with streams for all cameras
The following JSON pages are available via the webcontrol.
• {IP}:{port0}/0/config.json JSON object with the configuration information for all cameras
• {IP}:{port0}/0/status.json JSON object with information about status of all cameras
• {IP}:{port0}/0/movies.json JSON object with information about all movies
The following mjpg pages are available via the webcontrol. (Update automatically)
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/mjpg Primary stream for the camera updated as a mjpg
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/mjpg/substream Substream for the camera updated as a mjpg
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/mjpg/motion Stream of motion images for the camera as a mjpg
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/mjpg/source Source image stream of the camera as a mjpg
The following static pages are available via the webcontrol. (Update manually)
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/static Primary image for the camera
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/static/substream Substream image for the camera
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/static/motion Motion image for the camera
• {IP}:{port0}/{camid}/static/source Source image of the camera

HAAR setup

• Set the following Motionplus items within the secondardy_params
• frame_intervalDefault: 5 | The number of images between each secondary detection
• image_typeDefault: full | Type of image to process through secondary detection
• model_fileDefault: None | Full path and file name for the haar model
• rotateDefault: 0 | Degrees of rotation of the image when processing through secondary detection
• thresholdDefault: 1.10 | weights of detected values
• Set the following parameters to the OpenCV function CascadeClassifier::detectMultScale within the secondardy_params
• scalefactorDefault: 1.10 | Scale factor to apply to the image
• flagsDefault: 0 |
• maxsizeDefault: 1024 |
• minsizeDefault: 8 |
• minneighborsDefault: 8 |

HOG setup

• Set the following items within the secondardy_params
• frame_intervalDefault: 5 | The number of images between each secondary detection
• image_typeDefault: full | Type of image to process through secondary detection
• model_fileDefault: None | Full path and file name for the haar model
• rotateDefault: 0 | Degrees of rotation of the image when processing through secondary detection
• thresholdDefault: 1.10 | Weights of detected values
• Set the following parameters to the OpenCV function HOGDescriptor::detectMultScale within the secondardy_params
• threshold_modelDefault: 2.00 |
• scalefactorDefault: 1.05 |
• paddingDefault: 8 |
• winstrideDefault: 8 |

DNN setup

• Set the following items within the secondardy_params
• model_fileDefault: None | Full path and file name for the haar model
• frame_intervalDefault: 5 | The number of images between each secondary detection
• image_typeDefault: full | Type of image to process through secondary detection
• rotateDefault: 0 | Degrees of rotation of the image when processing through secondary detection
• thresholdDefault: 0.75 | Confidence threshold
• scalefactorDefault: 1.05 |
• backendDefault: 0(DNN_BACKEND_DEFAULT) |
• targetDefault: 0(DNN_TARGET_CPU) |
• widthDefault: none | Width for the model (not the source image)
• heightDefault: none | Height for the model (not the source image)
• scaleDefault: none | Scale used in the model
• configDefault: none |
• classes_fileDefault: none | Full path and name for a file with the names of the classes
• frameworkDefault: none |

Haar Model Training

The OpenCV documentation is the definitive source for instructions on how to train a Haar model. This brief introduction only provides a few scripts that may be helpful in using MotionPlus to get positive and negative images to feed into the training process.

Start with creating positive images movie as input file.
Run with picture_output_motion roi
Remove any pictures that are not desired.
Run the script to create the positive file list
Run while in the directory with the positive images.
opencv_createsamples -vec posfiles.vec -info poslist.txt -num 350 -h 96 -w 96
Next get a sample file that does not have desired positives.
Change to picture_output on and turn off motion roi
Change threshold to tiny number and run to create negatives
opencv_traincascade -data ./model -vec ./pos/posfiles.vec -bg neglist.txt -numPos 350 -numNeg 325
The following are the simple scripts to create positive and negative list files for training
!/bin/bash
FILES=./pos/*.jpg
for FULLNAME in $FILES
do
HW=$(identify -format '%w %h' $FULLNAME)
printf "$FULLNAME 1 0 0 $HW \n" >>poslist.txt
done

!/bin/bash
FILES=./neg/*.jpg
for FULLNAME in $FILES
do
printf "$FULLNAME \n" >>neglist.txt
done

Sound Frequency Sample

Since sound frequency processing is new to MotionPlus, the following provides an illustrative sample of setting up the sound and the associated alerts processing. This example will use ALSA. For PulseAudio, MotionPlus uses the default audio recording device. Although MotionPlus has parameters for the PulseAudio server and device, the set up is not straight forward and it is just recommended to change the PulseAudio default.

Go to the command prompt and use arecord -l to get the device name such as hw:1,0
Specify log_level 8 in MotionPlus.conf
Do not specify a log file so that it is console output.
Specify snd_device and snd_show in the sound configuration file such as
snd_device hw:1,0
snd_show on
Start MotionPlus and make a noise to test the output.
Once MotionPlus responds to sounds, press the test button on the device to be monitored.
Note that while the various devices being monitored may be the same, the detected frequency from each may be slightly different. Care should be taken to not be too precise in the setting of the alert range for MotionPlus. For example, the frequency may be reported as 3402.2456 and MotionPlus can be set up to look for that precise number but devices age and the frequency may change. Also, note that the frequency resolution of MotionPlus is limited by the sample rate and frames from the audio device. The maximum resolution is determined by the following formula. Sample Rate / (frames * 2). So with the default sample rate of 44100hz, and frames of 2048, the maximum resolution is appoximately 10.7666hz. This means that the frequencies detected around the range reported above would be 3413.0122, 3402.2456 or 3391.4790 and no values between.
Once the frequencies of all the devices have been logged, set up the alerts in the sound configuration file as well as the on_sound_alert and turn off the showing of frequencies. (The frequencies in this sample are random)

snd_alerts alert_id=01,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=2976,freq_high=2977,alert_nm=smokedown1
snd_alerts alert_id=02,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=3400,freq_high=3450,alert_nm=smokelr
snd_alerts alert_id=03,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=3388,freq_high=3399,alert_nm=smokebr1
snd_alerts alert_id=11,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=3378,freq_high=3379,alert_nm=furnace
snd_alerts alert_id=22,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=3281,freq_high=3399,alert_nm=waterheater
snd_alerts alert_id=22,volume_level=01,volume_count=10,freq_low=3270,freq_high=3279,alert_nm=kitchBath
snd_show off
on_sound_alert %{trig_nbr} %{trig_nm} %{trig_freq}
 
Then you can set up a script to send email or text messages using the sendemail application like below

#!/bin/bash
  ALRTNBR=$1
  ALRTNM=$2
  FREQ=$3
  ATCH=$4
  MYSTR=""
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -f \"Friendly Name \" "
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -t \"DestinationEmailAddress@gwhatever.com\" "
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -u \"MotionPlus Notification\" "
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -s \"smtp.gwhatever.com:587\" "
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -xu \"SendingEmailAddress@gwhatever.com\" "
  MYSTR=$MYSTR" -xp \"SendingEmailPassword\" "
  BODY=""
  if [[ "$ALRTNBR" -ge 1 && "$ALRTNBR" -le 9 ]]; then
   BODY="So, hey. Sorry to bother you. But thought I'd just let"
   BODY=$BODY" you know that your house is burning down. The neighbors"
   BODY=$BODY" may get annoyed so you should think about doing something. "
   BODY=$BODY" The "$ALRTNM" alert numbered "$ALRTNBR" was triggered with "
   BODY=$BODY" frequency "$FREQ
  elif [[ "$ALRTNBR" -ge 10 && "$ALRTNBR" -le 19 ]]; then
   BODY="Hi. So I noticed that the natural gas leak alarm is going off."
   BODY=$BODY" Nothing too urgent or anything but when you get home, you"
   BODY=$BODY" may want to hold off making any sparks to avoid blowing yourself up."
   BODY=$BODY" The "$ALRTNM" alert numbered "$ALRTNBR" was triggered with "
   BODY=$BODY" frequency "$FREQ
  elif [[ "$ALRTNBR" -ge 20 && "$ALRTNBR" -le 29 ]]; then
   BODY="Ahoy! Your house is going to be next water park attraction in"
   BODY=$BODY" the neighborhood!!! The water is filling it up and the"
   BODY=$BODY" children will be splashing around in it soon."
   BODY=$BODY" The "$ALRTNM" alert numbered "$ALRTNBR" was triggered with "
   BODY=$BODY" frequency "$FREQ
  fi
  if [ "$BODY" != "" ]; then
   MYSTR=$MYSTR" -m \""$BODY"\" "
   if [ -f "$ATCH" ]; then
    MYSTR=$MYSTR" -m \""$ATCH"\" "
   fi
   sendemail $MYSTR
  fi
exit 0